\documentstyle[baasar]{article}

\def\arg#1{{\it#1\/}}
\def\prog#1{{\it#1\/}} 
\begin{document}

\institution{Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Observatory
Reports}
\department{Instructions for Authors Using \LaTeX\ Markup}
\location{Concise City, State 76543}
\rptauthor{I.M.N. Author}
\rptauthor{Ima Co-Author}

\maketitle

The first paragraph should define the time frame covered in this
Report.

\section{Introduction}

In order to ensure that papers received for publication from different
authors are consistent in format, style, and quality, authors are required
to type their manuscripts exactly according to the following instructions.
The editors may modify the electronic manuscripts as necessary to insure
that they conform to these standards. 

\section{\LaTeX\ markup commands}

Authors using \LaTeX\ are requested to use the \verb"baasar" style file,
and declare it as a substyle to the standard \LaTeX\ \verb"article" style.
A copy of the style file, a sample paper, and further instructions are
available via anonymous FTP, \verb"ftp.aas.org/pubs/baas".

You should use only those markup commands from \LaTeX\ plus the several
extensions provided by this style file.
Do \emphasize{not} define any commands of your own for any reason
(no \verb"\def" or \verb"\newcommand" statements).  The editors will
delete all author definitions and incorporate the defined markup into
the body of the manuscript.  Authors should avoid markup that controls
page layout.  The final \baas page size is
most likely different then the authors so the final page layout 
must be left to the publisher. 
\subsection{Preamble}

The first piece of markup in the manuscript must declare the
overall style of the document.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\documentstyle[baasar]{article}"
\end{quote}
The \verb"\documentstyle" command must appear first in any
\LaTeX\ file, and this one specifies the main style to be
the \LaTeX\ {\tt article} style using eleven point fonts,
with modifications and additions for the {\tt irw} substyle.

The author must include a
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{document}"
\end{quote}
command to identify the beginning of the main portion of the manuscript.

\subsection{Title, byline, abstract, etc.}

The title block on an annual report consists of three elements:
1) the institution name, 2) the department, and 3) the location of the
research facility.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\institution{"\arg{name}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\department{"\arg{name}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\location{"\arg{city, state zip}\verb"}"
\end{quote}

The \verb"\institution" name is required;
\verb"\department" name(s) and
\verb"\location" are optional.
Long institution and department names will word wrap automatically.
Line breaks at specific places in long names can be inserted with
\LaTeX's \verb"\\" command.

The title block will be formatted on the first page of the annual
report automatically when the first section head is encountered
(\verb"\section").
If you start your report with text before the
first section, you will have to use the \verb"\maketitle" command
before such text to produce the title block.

The author(s) of the report list their names anywhere in the
document (at the front of the file would be nice), but the names
are formatted at the end of the report.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\rptauthor{"\arg{name}\verb"}"
\end{quote}
\verb"\rptauthor" names cannot be multiline.

\subsubsection{For sociology papers}

Title and author identification are by way of the standard \LaTeX\ 
commands \verb"\title" and \verb"\author".
An author's principal affiliation is specified with
a separate macro \verb"\affil".
Each \verb"\author" command
should be followed by a corresponding \verb"\affil" (address).
\begin{quote}
\verb"\title{"\arg{lucid text}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\author{"\arg{name(s)}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\affil{"\arg{address}\verb"}"
\end{quote}
The \verb"\affil" command should be used to give
the author's full postal address.
The address will be broken over several lines automatically;
do \emphasize{not} use \LaTeX's \verb"\\" command to indicate the 
line breaks.

The title and author block will be formatted on the first page 
automatically when either the abstract is started 
(\verb"\begin{abstract}") or the
first section head is encountered (\verb"\section").
If you start your report with text before both the abstract and the
first section, you will have to use the \verb"\maketitle" command
before such text to produce the title and author block.

\paragraph{Sociology paper abstracts}
The abstract of the paper should be enclosed in an {\tt abstract} environment.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{abstract}"\\
\arg{abstract text}\\
\verb"\end{abstract}"
\end{quote}
Don't include the word ``Abstract'' in your text;
it is inserted automatically.

\subsubsection{For annual reports}

\paragraph{Annual report abstracts}
The abstract of the report should be enclosed in an {\tt abstract}
environment.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{abstract}"\\
\arg{abstract text}\\
\verb"\end{abstract}"
\end{quote}
Don't include the word ``Abstract'' in your text;
it is inserted automatically.  Annual report abstracts should 
include the time period encompassed by the report.

\subsection{Sections}

The \LaTeX\ {\tt article} environment supports four levels of
sectioning.  (Actually, it supports more, but these are the
relevant ones.)
\begin{quote}
\verb"\section{"\arg{heading}\verb"}"\\[.5ex]
\verb"\subsection{"\arg{heading}\verb"}"\\[.5ex]
\verb"\subsubsection{"\arg{heading}\verb"}"\\[.5ex]
\verb"\paragraph{"\arg{heading}\verb"}"
\end{quote}
Please use mixed case text for the section heads.
Note that these commands delimit sections by marking the
\emphasize{beginning} of each section;
there are not separate commands to identify the \emphasize{ends} of sections.

If one wishes to have an acknowledgments section, it should be
set off simply with the command
\begin{quote}
\verb"\acknowledgments"
\end{quote}

\subsection{Equations}

Displayed equations can be typeset in many ways using the standard
displayed math environments of \LaTeX;
these three are probably of greatest use.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{displaymath}"\\
\verb"\end{displaymath}"\\[.5ex]
\verb"\begin{equation}"\\
\verb"\end{equation}"\\[.5ex]
\verb"\begin{eqnarray}"\\
\verb"\end{eqnarray}"
\end{quote}
The {\tt displaymath} environment will break out a single,
unnumbered formula.  The equation will appear the same if it
is set in an {\tt equation} environment, and it will be
autonumbered by \LaTeX.
In order to set several formul\ae\ in which vertical alignment
is required, use the {\tt eqnarray} environment.

\subsection{Tables}

Tables should appear in {\tt table} environments.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{table}"\\
\verb"\caption{"\arg{text}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\begin{tabular}{"\arg{cols}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\end{tabular}"\\
\verb"\end{table}"
\end{quote}
There should be only one table per environment.
The {\tt table} environment encloses not only the tabular
material but also any title (caption) or footnote information
associated with the table.
Tabular information is typeset within \LaTeX's
{\tt tabular} environment;
the \arg{cols} argument specifies the formatting for each column.
Tables and figures will be identified with arabic numerals, e.g., ``Table 2.'';
the identifying text, including the number, is generated automatically
by the \verb"\caption" command.

There is a \verb"\tableline" command for use in {\tt tabular}
environments.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\tableline"
\end{quote}
This command produces a single horizontal rule.  There should be a
\verb"\tableline" above and below between the column headings, and
two at the end of the table.
Authors should not use additional \verb"\tablelines" themselves,
and are discouraged from using vertical rules unless essential.

\subsection{EPS files}

Authors who can prepare computer graphics in Encapsulated PostScript
(EPS) format may use one of two additional markup commands to mark the
point of inclusion, both of which should be used inside a \LaTeX\
{\tt figure} environment.  If the DVI translator \prog{dvips} by
Tom Rokicki is available on your computer, it is also possible
to prepare the final copy with such figures in place.
Rokicki's \prog{dvips} program comes with EPS support in a macro file
called {\tt epsf.tex} which will be read in automatically.
 
The markup commands for including EPS files are:
\begin{quote} 
\verb"\plotone{"\arg{file}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\plottwo{"\arg{file}\verb"}{"\arg{file}\verb"}"
\end{quote}
 
The \arg{file} argument is used to name the file(s) to be included.  The
\verb"\plotone" command includes one figure that is scaled to the width of
the current text column; \verb"\plottwo" inserts two figures side by side,
and the pair is scaled to fit the text width.  If one uses these
macros, the necessary vertical space is provided automatically.
 
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{figure}"\\  
\verb"\plotone{"\arg{mygraph.eps}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\caption{"\arg{My EPS graphic.}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\end{figure}"
\end{quote}
or
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{figure}"\\
\verb"\plottwo{"\arg{mygraph.eps}\verb"}{"\arg{another.eps}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\caption{"\arg{Two related graphics.}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\end{figure}"
\end{quote}

Single plots inserted using \verb"\plotone" can be scaled down if desired.
The default scale factor (.95) can be changed with the \verb"\epsscale"
command.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\epsscale{"\arg{scale factor}\verb"}"
\end{quote}
The scale factor should be between .50 and 1.00.
The default value is slightly less than 1 so that a small amount of
white space graces the margins around the plot.

Please note that the caption will be centered under the \emphasize{pair} of
graphics when \verb"\plottwo" is used.  It is not possible to caption the two
plots individually with this package at this time.  As with tables, figures
will be identified with arabic numerals, e.g., ``Figure 1.''.
 
If you must fuss with the positioning and scaling of the EPS plot on
the printed page, you can try using the \verb"\plotfiddle" command.

\begin{quote}
\verb"\plotfiddle{"\arg{file}\verb"}{"\arg{vsize}\verb"}{"\arg{rot}\verb"}{"\arg{hsf}\verb"}{"\arg{vsf}\verb"}" \\
\verb"{"\arg{htrans}\verb"}{"\arg{vtrans}\verb"}"\\[1ex]
\tabcolsep 0pt
\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{.5em}}p{2.1in}}
\tt vsize & vertical white space to allow for plot, any valid \LaTeX\ dimension\\
\tt rot & rotation angle, in degrees, counter-clockwise\\
\tt hsf & horizontal scale factor, percent\\
\tt vsf & vertical scale factor, percent\\
\tt htrans & horizontal translation, in PS points (72/in)\\
\tt vtrans & vertical translation, in PS points (72/in)\\
\end{tabular}
\end{quote}
 
If you {\em can} produce EPS but you do {\em not} have \prog{dvips}, you can
still put the \verb"\plotone" or \verb"\plottwo" commands in the the
appropriate places, but you will have to comment them out and put in a
\verb"\vspace{"\arg{dimen}\verb"}" command to open up the text.  The
\prog{dvips} program is in the public domain and is available from
\verb"labrea.stanford.edu".

A special note to authors:  Color EPS files should be avoided if possible.
And since it is sometimes necessary to edit EPS files to make them 
printable, authors should try to avoid EPS files with lines longer than
1024 characters.

\subsection{Pasted in illustrations}

Illustrations must be inserted in the text at the appropriate places,
with the relevant caption underneath each.

These illustrations should appear in {\tt figure} environments.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{figure}"\\
\verb"\vspace{"\arg{dimen}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\caption{"\arg{text}\verb"}"\\
\verb"\end{figure}"
\end{quote}
There should be only one figure per environment.
Space for the figure is created with the \verb"\vspace" command;
\arg{dimen} should be a valid \LaTeX\ dimension, e.g., ``\verb"2.5in"''.

\subsection{Miscellaneous definitions}
The baasar.sty file will support all the miscellaneous AAS\TeX\ macros.
When discussing atomic species, ionization levels can be indicated
with the following command.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\ion{ELEMENT}{LEVEL}"
\end{quote}
For example, \ion{Ca}{3} is specified by typing \verb"\ion{Ca}{3}".

The following special sysbols are available.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ll@{\hspace*{3em}}ll}
\verb"\arcdeg" & \arcdeg & 
\verb"\sq" & \sq \\
\verb"\sun" & \sun &
\verb"\earth" & \earth \\
\verb"\arcmin" & \arcmin &
\verb"\arcsec" & \arcsec \\
\verb"\fd" & \fd &
\verb"\fh" & \fh \\
\verb"\fm" & \fm &
\verb"\fs" & \fs \\
\verb"\fdg" & \fdg &
\verb"\farcm" & \farcm \\
\verb"\farcs" & \farcs &
\verb"\fp" & \fp \\
\verb"\micron" & \micron & \\[.8ex]
\verb"\onehalf" & \onehalf &
\verb"\ubvr" & \ubvr \\
\verb"\onethird" & \onethird &
\verb"\ub" & \ub \\
\verb"\twothirds" & \twothirds &
\verb"\bv" & \bv \\
\verb"\onequarter" & \onequarter &
\verb"\vr" & \vr \\
\verb"\threequarters" & \threequarters &
\verb"\ur" & \ur \\[.8ex]
\verb"$\lesssim$" & $\lesssim$ &
\verb"$\gtrsim$" & $\gtrsim$ \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
Most of these commands can be used in running text as well as when
setting mathematical expressions.
\verb"\lesssim" and \verb"\gtrsim" can only be used in math mode,
which is sensible since they are relations.
It is possible to use \verb"\earth" and \verb"\sun" as subscripts,
e.g., \verb"$1.4 M_{\sun}$" yields $1.4 M_{\sun}$.

\section{References}

\subsection{In the text}

The reference system to be followed is the standard \pasp\ or \apj\ system:
author name(s) followed by the year in parentheses, as in Abt (1990),
or author and year both in parentheses (Abt 1990).

\subsection{Reference and publications lists}

There is a {\tt references} environment that sets off
the list of references and adjusts spacing parameters.
\vbox{\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{references}"\\
\verb"\reference" \arg{bibliographic information}\\
\verb"   ."\\
\verb"   ."\\
\verb"\end{references}"
\end{quote}
}

The \arg{bibliographic information} should be in the order directed by
Abt (1990): author, year, journal, volume, and page.  For instance,
the reference for this editorial would be typed in as
\begin{quote}
\verb"Abt, H. 1990, ApJ, 357, 1"
\end{quote}
Note that there is not a comma following the author name(s), there is
not a trailing period at the end of the reference, and the entire line
is set in the body typeface (no font changes).

For annual reports, institutions frequently want to list all the research
publications produced by their staff members.  This is prepared in the
same way as a reference list, and it is set off in
a {\tt publications} environment that sets off
the list of references and adjusts spacing parameters.
\begin{quote}
\verb"\begin{publications}"\\
\verb"\reference" \arg{bibliographic information}\\
\verb"   ."\\
\verb"   ."\\
\verb"\end{publications}"
\end{quote}

When you are preparing an individual reference list for a 
sociology paper, care should be taken that each literature 
citation in the manuscript has its counterpart in the reference 
 list and vice versa.
If you use \verb"\item", \verb"\bibitem" or some markup different 
than \verb"\reference"
your manuscript will be returned for correction.
Whether you are preparing an individual reference list or an
institutional citation list, care should
also be given to checking the accuracy of the references ---
author(s), date, volume, and page number.
% Fifty percent of all manuscripts submitted to journals are found to
% have errors.  Please be careful.
The accuracy of the references is the responsibility of the author.

\subsection{Abbreviations for journals}

There are macros for many of the oft-referenced journals so that authors
may use the \LaTeX\ names rather than having to look up a particular
journal's specific abbreviation.
Any stylistic requirements of the editors are taken care of by the macros,
so authors need not be concerned about such editorial preferences.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\verb"\aj" & Astronomical Journal\\
\verb"\araa" & Annual Reviews of Astron and Astrophys\\
\verb"\apj" & Astrophysical Journal\\
\verb"\apjl" & \rule[.5ex]{2em}{.4pt}, Letters to the Editor\\
\verb"\aplett" & Astrophys.~Lett. \\ 
\verb"\apjs" & \rule[.5ex]{2em}{.4pt}, Supplement Series\\
\verb"\ao" & Applied Optics\\
\verb"\apss" & Astrophysics and Space Science\\
\verb"\aap" & Astronomy and Astrophysics\\
\verb"\aapr" & Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews\\
\verb"\aaps" & \rule[.5ex]{2em}{.4pt}, Supplement Series\\
\verb"\azh" & Astronomicheskii Zhurnal\\
\verb"\apspr" & Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.\\ 
\verb"\baas" & Bulletin of the AAS\\
\verb"\bain" & Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands\\ 
\verb"\fcp" & Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.\\ 
\verb"\gca" & Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta\\
\verb"\grl" & Geophys.~Res.~Lett.\\
\verb"\iaucirc" & IAU~Circ.\\
\verb"\icarus" & Icarus\\  
\verb"\jcp" & J.~Chem.~Phys.\\
\verb"\jgr" & J.~Geophys.~Res.\\
\verb"\jqsrt" & J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.\\
\verb"\jrasc" & Journal of the RAS of Canada\\
\verb"\memras" & Memoirs of the RAS\\
\verb"\memsai" & Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana\\ 
\verb"\mnras" & Monthly Notices of the RAS\\
\verb"\nat" & Nature\\   
\verb"\nphysa" & Nucl.~Phys.~A\\
\verb"\physrep" & Phys.~Rep.\\ 
\verb"\pra" & Physical Review A: General Physics\\
\verb"\prb" & Physical Review B: Solid State\\
\verb"\prc" & Physical Review C:\\
\verb"\prd" & Physical Review D:\\
\verb"\pre" & Physical Review E:\\ 
\verb"\prl" & Physical Review Letters\\
\verb"\physscr" & Phys.~Scr.\\ 
\verb"\planss" & Planet.~Space~Sci.\\
\verb"\procspie" & Proc.~SPIE\\
\verb"\pasp" & Publications of the ASP\\
\verb"\pasj" & Publications of the ASJ\\
\verb"\qjras" & Quarterly Journal of the RAS\\
\verb"\rma" & Revista Mexicana de Astronom\'ia y Astrof\'isica\\
   & (Serie de Conferencias)\\
\verb"\skytel" & Sky and Telescope\\
\verb"\solphys" & Solar Physics \\
\verb"\sovast" & Soviet Astronomy\\
\verb"\ssr" & Space Science Reviews\\
\verb"\zap" & Zeitschrift f\"ur Astrophysik\\

\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\section{Examples}

These instructions give an overview of the basic markup commands
that need to be entered in a paper.
Authors are encouraged to examine
the sample papers that are included with the style file;
these examples are named \verb"sample1.tex",
\verb"sample2.tex", and \verb"sample3.tex".

\section{Submission of manuscripts}

The final electronic copy of Annual Reports, along with any EPS files, 
should be emailed to Crystal Tinch in the AAS Executive Office
(\verb"tinch@aas.org").  Research Manuscripts should be sent to
Judy Johnson (\verb"johnson@aas.org").

\end{document}